AOWIS - User contributions [en]

Measurement:Pressure Sensor Examples

2026-07-21T18:45:06Z

Bastiaan: Notice about food safety added

== Overview ==
This page provides a preliminary, exemplary overview of commercially available pressure sensors that are relevant for monitoring water distribution networks.

<p style="color:#FFFFFF; background:#7F3564">Important notice: If the water is to be used as drinking water, every part and material that contacts the water is required to be ''food safe''. There also should be a certificate to that effect. Most vendors are selling food safe sensors on a regular basis.</p>

This selection is purely exemplary and does not claim to be complete. There is a multitude of other similar products available locally in Africa as well as on the global market.

== Areas of Application in Your Project ==
Pressure sensors are essential components for a water network. They are typically used in two main applications:

# '''Operating Pressure Measurement:''' Direct measurement of pressure in pipelines to monitor system status, detect leaks, or control pumps.
# '''Level Measurement in Reservoirs:''' Here, the hydrostatic pressure of a liquid column is measured. The higher the fill level, the greater the pressure at the bottom of the tank. This method is widely established in industrial applications.

== Technical Basics and Standard Signals ==
The vast majority of industrial pressure sensors output their measured values as a standardized analog signal. The global industry standard is the '''4–20 mA current loop'''. Its advantages include high immunity to interference over long transmission distances and built-in line fault monitoring (e.g., wire break detection).

Alternatively, '''voltage signals such as 0–10 V or 0–5 V''' are also offered. These are more suitable for shorter distances or battery-powered applications. Many manufacturers offer their sensors in both variants to provide maximum flexibility for different use cases.

== Example Sensors ==
The following table lists a few examples of sensors available on the European market. These are intended to serve as a starting point for research and budgeting.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Exemplary Pressure Sensors for Operating Pressure and Level Measurement
|-
! Manufacturer !! Model / Series !! Product Link
|-
| Eurosensor || EPT8100 || [https://www.variohm.de/produkte/drucksensoren-und-druckschalter/drucksensoren/ept8100-drucksensor Variohm – EPT8100]
|-
| Layher || Type 800 xxx || [https://www.layher-ag.de/download/druckschalter/Elektronische_Druckschalter_und_Sensoren.pdf Layher – Pressure Sensors (PDF)]
|-
| Jekker || Series 20 || [https://download.keller-pressure.com/api/download/3XreGChz7qiKf8ZKN2iogj/de/latest.pdf Keller (for Jekker) – Series 20 (PDF)]
|-
| Microsensor || M20 || [https://microsensorcorp.de/produkte/drucktransmitter/m20/ Microsensor – M20]
|-
| Althen || M20 || [https://www.althensensors.com/de/sensoren/drucksensoren/industrielle-druckaufnehmer/m20-standard-druckaufnehmer/ Althen Sensors – M20]
|}

== References ==
<references />

Measurement:Pressure Sensor Examples

2026-07-20T14:46:21Z

Bastiaan:

== Overview ==
This page provides a preliminary, exemplary overview of commercially available pressure sensors that are relevant for monitoring water distribution networks.

'''Please note:''' This selection is purely exemplary and does not claim to be complete. There is a multitude of other similar products available locally in Africa as well as on the global market.

== Areas of Application in Your Project ==
Pressure sensors are essential components for a water network. They are typically used in two main applications:

# '''Operating Pressure Measurement:''' Direct measurement of pressure in pipelines to monitor system status, detect leaks, or control pumps.
# '''Level Measurement in Reservoirs:''' Here, the hydrostatic pressure of a liquid column is measured. The higher the fill level, the greater the pressure at the bottom of the tank. This method is widely established in industrial applications.

== Technical Basics and Standard Signals ==
The vast majority of industrial pressure sensors output their measured values as a standardized analog signal. The global industry standard is the '''4–20 mA current loop'''. Its advantages include high immunity to interference over long transmission distances and built-in line fault monitoring (e.g., wire break detection).

Alternatively, '''voltage signals such as 0–10 V or 0–5 V''' are also offered. These are more suitable for shorter distances or battery-powered applications. Many manufacturers offer their sensors in both variants to provide maximum flexibility for different use cases.

== Example Sensors ==
The following table lists a few examples of sensors available on the European market. These are intended to serve as a starting point for research and budgeting.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Exemplary Pressure Sensors for Operating Pressure and Level Measurement
|-
! Manufacturer !! Model / Series !! Product Link
|-
| Eurosensor || EPT8100 || [https://www.variohm.de/produkte/drucksensoren-und-druckschalter/drucksensoren/ept8100-drucksensor Variohm – EPT8100]
|-
| Layher || Type 800 xxx || [https://www.layher-ag.de/download/druckschalter/Elektronische_Druckschalter_und_Sensoren.pdf Layher – Pressure Sensors (PDF)]
|-
| Jekker || Series 20 || [https://download.keller-pressure.com/api/download/3XreGChz7qiKf8ZKN2iogj/de/latest.pdf Keller (for Jekker) – Series 20 (PDF)]
|-
| Microsensor || M20 || [https://microsensorcorp.de/produkte/drucktransmitter/m20/ Microsensor – M20]
|-
| Althen || M20 || [https://www.althensensors.com/de/sensoren/drucksensoren/industrielle-druckaufnehmer/m20-standard-druckaufnehmer/ Althen Sensors – M20]
|}

== References ==
<references />

Measurement:Main Page

2026-07-20T14:28:40Z

Bastiaan:

= Measurement =

Measurements are fundamental to AOWIS operations. Decisions in monitoring, control, maintenance, planning, safety, and research depend on reliable measurement data.

This Domain defines how AOWIS represents, records, exchanges, validates, and interprets measurements across water, agricultural, environmental, and infrastructure systems.

== Core Specifications ==

* [[Measurement:Units|Unit System Requirements (SI)]]
* [[Measurement:Unit_Identifiers|Unit Identifiers]]

== Subsystems ==

* [[Measurement:Elevation|Elevation]]
* [[Measurement:Time]]
* [[Measurement:Quality]]
* [[Measurement:Calibration]]

== Supporting Concepts ==

* Measurement sources
* Data validation
* Uncertainty handling
* Storage & exchange rules

== Hardware ==
* [[Measurement:Pressure Sensor Examples|Pressure sensor examples]]

Measurement:Pressure Sensor Examples

2026-07-20T14:21:46Z

Bastiaan:

== Overview ==
This page provides a preliminary, exemplary overview of commercially available pressure sensors that are relevant for monitoring water distribution networks.

'''Please note:''' This selection is purely exemplary and does not claim to be complete. There is a multitude of other similar products available locally in Africa as well as on the global market.

== Areas of Application in Your Project ==
Pressure sensors are essential components for a water network. They are typically used in two main applications:

# '''Operating Pressure Measurement:''' Direct measurement of pressure in pipelines to monitor system status, detect leaks, or control pumps.
# '''Level Measurement in Reservoirs:''' Here, the hydrostatic pressure of a liquid column is measured. The higher the fill level, the greater the pressure at the bottom of the tank. This method is widely established in industrial applications.

== Technical Basics and Standard Signals ==
The vast majority of industrial pressure sensors output their measured values as a standardized analog signal. The global industry standard is the '''4–20 mA current loop'''. Its advantages include high immunity to interference over long transmission distances and built-in line fault monitoring (e.g., wire break detection).

Alternatively, '''voltage signals such as 0–10 V or 0–5 V''' are also offered. These are more suitable for shorter distances or battery-powered applications. Many manufacturers offer their sensors in both variants to provide maximum flexibility for different use cases.

== Example Sensors ==
The following table lists a few examples of sensors available on the European market. These are intended to serve as a starting point for research and budgeting.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Exemplary Pressure Sensors for Operating Pressure and Level Measurement
|-
! Manufacturer !! Model / Series !! Product Link
|-
| Eurosensor || EPT8100 || [https://www.variohm.de/produkte/drucksensoren-und-druckschalter/drucksensoren/ept8100-drucksensor Variohm – EPT8100]
|-
| MP Sensor || e.g. "Pcore" or "Ptouch" || [https://www.mp-sensor.de/p.trace/5-30-1171-001200 MP Sensor – P.Trace]
|-
| Layher || Type 800 xxx || [https://www.layher-ag.de/download/druckschalter/Elektronische_Druckschalter_und_Sensoren.pdf Layher – Pressure Sensors (PDF)]
|-
| Jekker || Series 20 || [https://download.keller-pressure.com/api/download/3XreGChz7qiKf8ZKN2iogj/de/latest.pdf Keller (for Jekker) – Series 20 (PDF)]
|-
| Microsensor || M20 || [https://microsensorcorp.de/produkte/drucktransmitter/m20/ Microsensor – M20]
|-
| Althen || M20 || [https://www.althensensors.com/de/sensoren/drucksensoren/industrielle-druckaufnehmer/m20-standard-druckaufnehmer/ Althen Sensors – M20]
|}

== References ==
<references />

Measurement:Pressure Sensor Examples

2026-07-20T14:21:22Z

Bastiaan: Created page with "xyzt"

xyzt

External:EPANET:Main Page

2026-07-20T14:02:20Z

Bastiaan: /* OWA-EPANET */

* Part of [[External:Main_Page|External]]

EPANET is a software tool provided by the EPA (Environemt Protection Agency). This is the description of this project as found at [https://www.epa.gov/water-research/epanet EPANET]:

<blockquote>
Application for Modeling Drinking Water Distribution Systems

EPANET is a software application used throughout the world to model water distribution systems. It was developed as a tool for understanding the movement and fate of drinking water constituents within distribution systems, and can be used for many different types of applications in distribution systems analysis.

Today, engineers and consultants use EPANET to design and size new water infrastructure, retrofit existing aging infrastructure, optimize operations of tanks and pumps, reduce energy usage, investigate water quality problems, and prepare for emergencies. It can also be used to model contamination threats and evaluate resilience to security threats or natural disasters.
</blockquote>

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPANET EPANET at Wikipedia]
* [https://www.epa.gov/water-research/epanet The official site at EPA] - Current latest Version is ''2.2''
* [https://github.com/USEPA/EPANET2.2 EPANET GitHub] - Alternative Source at GitHub

== Open Water Analytics - OWA ==

This is the self-description of this project as found at [http://wateranalytics.org Open Water Analytics]:

<blockquote>
Open Water Analytics is the home of the community projects for EPANET and SWMM, and related tools and technologies. We are an open community for the exchange of information and ideas related to computing and analysis in the water & wastewater industries. This informal collective in an umbrella that covers many groups and projects; members with varying affiliations work together to craft the current and future development of these mission-critical software tools.
</blockquote>

=== OWA-EPANET ===

* [http://wateranalytics.org/EPANET OWA-EPANET Documentation]
* [https://sites.google.com/view/epanet-ui OWA-EPANET GUI downloads] - Download Compiled Executables for Linux & Windows

==== GitHub ====
* [https://github.com/OpenWaterAnalytics OpenWaterAnalytics] - OpenWaterAnalytics Main GitHub
** [https://github.com/OpenWaterAnalytics/EPANET OWA-EPANET] - OWA-EPANET Main Repo
** [https://github.com/OpenWaterAnalytics/EPANET-UI OWA-EPANET GUI] - Graphical User Interface

===== Python Wrappers =====
* [https://github.com/OpenWaterAnalytics/epanet-python OWA-EPANET Python] - Auto-Generated Python-Wrapper
** [https://pypi.org/project/owa-epanet PyPI] - Auto-Generated Python Wrapper for OWA-EPANET
* [https://github.com/OpenWaterAnalytics/EPyT OWA-EPANET EPyT] - A more sophisticated Python Library provided by [https://www.kios.ucy.ac.cy KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Cyprus]

=== epanet-js ===
* [https://github.com/epanet-js epanet-js GitHub]
* [https://app.epanetjs.com Online Demo]

=== OWA-StormWater-Management-Model (SWMM) ===

Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is a computer model used to simulate how rainfall becomes runoff and moves through urban drainage systems.

It was developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and is one of the most widely used tools worldwide for stormwater, sewer, and urban drainage analysis.

So while EPANET answers ''"How does water flow through a drinking water distribution network?"'', SWMM answers ''"What happens when it rains?"''

==== GitHub ====
* [https://github.com/pyswmm/Stormwater-Management-Model Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)]